the glass is half full/empty خوشبین و بدبین

Ex: Optimists will usually say the glass is half–full, whereas pessimists will usually point out that it’s half–empty.

خوشبین ها ممولا نیمه پر لیوان را می بینند، درحالیکه بدببین ها نیمه خالی لیوان را می بینند.

alignment وضعیت

Ex: allow your spine to settle into a comfortable alignment.

اجازه بدبد ستون فقراتتون در یک وضعیت راحت قرار بگیرد.

gratitude امتنان، قدردانیی

Ex: i hereby express my gratitude to all of you

بدینوسیله مراتب امتنان خود را به همه ی شماها ابراز می دارم.

hamster on a wheel  چرخه ی معیوب

Ex: Time spent just sitting on a train can be a rare chance to step off the hamster wheel and observe the world.

زمان مثل نشستن تو قطار می گذره و شانس کمی هست  تا از این چرخه میوب بیرون بپریم و دنیا رو تماشا کنیم.

satisfaction رضایت، خوشنودی

Ex: the mother’s satisfaction could be seen in her eyes

رضایت مادر از چشمانش هویدا بود.

hedonic treadmill  تمایل انسان به برگشتن به حالت خوشبختی اولیه خود

Ex: it’s easy to become a victim of the hedonic treadmill.

قربانی تردمیل لذت جویانه شدن راحته!!!! (ترجمه خوبی نتونستم پیدا کنم):

Neil
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Neil.

Georgina
And I’m Georgina.

Neil
That’s a big smile on your face, Georgina! You seem happy today!

Georgina
I am, Neil. After all, what’s the point in seeing the glass half empty?

Neil
Ah, so you’re someone who tries to see the glass half full – you generally look at things in a positive way.

Georgina
I hope so! It may seem strange to be discussing happiness in the middle of a global pandemic but right now feeling happy is more important than ever.

Neil
Well then, it’s lucky that happiness is the subject of this programme, Georgina. And while many things seem to be out of our control just now, there are small things we can do to feel better about life…

Georgina
…to feel less stressed, and maybe even a little happier.

Neil
You’re talking like a Dane now, Georgina. Denmark, and in fact all the Nordic countries, are often listed as among the happiest places in the world.

Georgina
You know what would make me happy, Neil? – asking me a really good quiz question.

Neil
OK. Well, did you know that every year the UN publishes its Global Happiness Survey revealing the happiest countries in the world? It’s based on factors like income, life expectancy and health. The Nordic countries often come in the top ten, but which country was rated the happiest in 2020? Was it:

a) Iceland?,
b) Denmark?, or,
c) Finland?

Georgina
Well, Neil, Denmark is famous for bacon, and nothing makes me happier than a bacon sandwich, so I’ll say b) Denmark.

Neil
I like your thinking, Georgina! We’ll find out the answer later, but you’re certainly right to say that Denmark is considered one of the happiest countries in the world.

Georgina
Malene Rydahl, author of the bestselling book, Happy as a Dane, believes that aspects of Danish culture can help us improve our chances of happiness.

Neil
Here she is explaining what happiness means for her to BBC World Service programme, The Conversation. See if you can hear what she thinks:

Malene Rydahl
Well, I think we should be seeking alignment and I think we should practise gratitude and I think that we should be more conscious about how we relate to things that happen to us and how much we compare ourselves to others… I do think that what we need to focus on is the quality of our relationships.

Georgina
Did you hear Malene use the word alignment? She thinks there should be harmony between my true sense of who I am, what I think and how I relate to others. We should be in alignment – or in the correct relation, to those things.

Neil
Malene also thinks happiness comes from gratitude – feeling grateful and expressing thanks to other people.

Georgina
She recommends finding three things, no matter how small, to be grateful for every day.

Neil
Like… getting a good night’s sleep, drinking a hot coffee… and having this chat with you, Georgina.

Georgina
Thanks, Neil, that’s put a smile on my face! It may sound strange but doing this every day can really boost your happiness levels.

Neil
Malene also warns against seeking happiness in external things, as you can hear in this chat with BBC World Service’s, The Conversation:

Malene Rydahl
If you seek happiness and you mistake it for pleasure, you will be running around like a little hamster in a wheel because it’s never enough and because you will be very quickly the victim of the hedonic treadmill… and the hedonic treadmill is… you know, you want something, you think if you’re more beautiful, if you get more power, if you get more money and fame and then you’ll finally be happy… and then you get it and you get a small satisfaction.

Neil
According to Malene, chasing external pleasures like money and fame will leave you feeling like a hamster on a wheel – like someone who’s always busy but never accomplishes anything useful or finishes what they start.

Georgina
She also says it’s easy to become a victim of the hedonic treadmill. This is the idea that humans adapt to whatever level of happiness they achieve. As we make more money, meet the perfect boyfriend or whatever we desire, our expectations also increase, so we never find the happiness we hoped we would!

Neil
‘Money can’t buy happiness’, as my grandma used to say.

Georgina
Right. In fact, it’s probably the quality of our relationships, not external objects, that gives satisfaction – the pleasure we feel when we achieve something we wanted to.

Neil
Lots of useful tips there, Georgina, for feeling as happy as a Dane.

Georgina
A Dane, you say, Neil? So I got the correct answer?

Neil
In my quiz question I asked Georgina which Nordic country was rated happiest in the UN’s 2020 global survey.

Georgina
I guessed, b) Denmark.

Neil
But in fact, Georgina, it was… c) Finland. I guess their bacon sandwiches are even better!

Georgina
OK, let’s recap the vocabulary and start seeing the glass half full – looking at things in a positive way.

Neil
Happiness might be all about alignment – being in the correct relation to things.

Georgina
Or gratitude – being grateful and giving thanks.

Neil
Feeling like a hamster on a wheel means you’re always busy doing things but without getting satisfaction – the pleasant feeling of achieving something you really wanted to.

Georgina
Finally, the reason happiness often escapes us may involve the hedonic treadmill – the human tendency to return to the same level of happiness after something very good or very bad has happened.

Neil
That’s all for this programme. We hope it’s lifted your spirits and given you some useful vocabulary as well.

Georgina
Remember to join us again soon for more interesting topics here at 6 Minute English. And if you like topical discussions and want to learn how to use the vocabulary found in headlines, why not try out our News Review podcast? You’ll find programmes about many topics that will help to keep you entertained and learning at the same time. Don’t forget you can download the app for free from the app stores. And of course, we are on most social media platforms. Bye for now!

Neil
Bye!