comforter (شخص یا چیز) آرامبخش

Ex: He became her devoted friend and comforter. 

او تبدیل به دوست وفادار و آرامبخشش شد.

culinary  آشپزی

Ex: Since his culinary skills were lacking, he tended to eat out a great deal.

بدلیل اینکه مهارت های آشپزیش کم بود، به خوردن زیاد روی آورد.

associated  در ارتباط با- مربوط به

Ex: She was prepared to take on the job, with all its associated risks.

آماده بود که تصدی شغل رو قبول کنه با همه ی ریسک هاش.

irrelevant  نا مربوط، بی ربط

Ex: if his work is good his age is irrelevant

اگر کارش خوب باشد سن او مطرح نیست.

nuanced ویژگی،مشخصه

Ex: He gives a beautifully nuanced performance in a tricky role.

اجرای زیبا و متفاوت در نقش سختی دارد.

take comfort آرام گرفتن

Ex:When things get tough, I take comfort in the company of my closest friends.

وقتی شرایط سخت میشه، پیش دوستام آروم میگیرم.

Neil
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Neil.

Rob
And I’m Rob.

Neil
I see you’ve been tucking into the biscuits again, Rob.

Rob
Well, I have, Neil. You can’t beat a bite on a biscuit for a quick and easy sweet treat. They make me feel good – as long as I don’t eat too many!

Neil
So, these are your ‘edible comforters’ – a comforter is something that makes you feel relaxed and feel good. Put another way, it is your comfort food, which is what we’re talking about in this programme.

Rob
Yes, like biscuits – comfort food is snacks and meals we like to stuff our faces with, even if it’s not always good for us. We’ll be discussing what actually makes us eat the stuff.

Neil
But how about a question to feast on, Rob? Patrick Bertoletti from the USA holds the Guinness World Record for eating the most cream-filled biscuits in one minute, but do you know how many biscuits he ate? Was it…

a) 2
b) 7, or
c) 15?

Rob
Well, based on my biscuit-eating skills, I’d say 15 – it depends if he had to swallow them all as well.

Neil
I’m not sure about that – but I’ll reveal the answer later on. Now, biscuits, ice cream, crisps and pizzas are all good examples of comfort food. They’re easy to snack on and they don’t require many culinary skills – culinary means related to cooking.

Rob
Umm, well that makes sense, but there must be something else that is urging us to seek out this ‘easy’ food?

Neil
According to psychologist Shira Gabriel, it’s about memories and emotional experiences. She spoke on The Food Chain podcast on BBC World Service and said her comfort food was macaroni and cheese – something that brings back memories…

Shira Gabriel, psychologist
At some point in my life those were foods that were made for me or shared with me by people who cared about me and loved me and took care of me, so because those are the foods that I had in my youth, I’ve associated with them, sort of, those feelings of being taken care of. And those associations are strong, the associations we have with food are very strong, and so by eating those foods, I’m able to activate those associations and give myself a rush of positive feelings and a sense of acceptance.

Neil
… so like so many of us, Shira associates eating certain types of food with past experiences from her youth. Associates means makes a connection in your mind with something.

Rob
And these connections between food and memories are very strong. I know eating biscuits reminds me of eating them after school, as a treat.

Neil
Well, Shira explains how we get a rush – a sudden and strong emotion – of positive feelings when these memories are activated by eating comfort food.

Rob
And it’s not just memories that are activated, but also the emotions we feel as well. If we felt happy the first time we ate the food, then hopefully we’ll feel happy when we eat it again.

Neil
It’s not always that simple, Rob. Tucking into food that’s high in carbohydrates, sugar or salt can make us feel guilty, but we don’t realise our minds are trying to trigger – or start – a positive emotion, and it’s making us eat that food to do so.

Rob
The Food Chain podcast explores this in more detail – but what is interesting is that comfort food isn’t universal. Some languages don’t have a comparable phrase.

Neil
It’s a good point and something food writer Jenny Linford talked about. Here’s her theory on why that is…

Jenny Linford, food writer
Talking to Italian friends, I realised that, no, they don’t have a phrase for ‘comfort food’ – I think it’s sort of irrelevant…. My Italian friends I asked about comfort food, they were just, they said to me, look you know, food is always comfort and always pleasure and it’s a joyful thing, so it’s just really interesting that you know this idea of comfort food is not universal, it’s actually quite nuanced.

Rob
So, according to Jenny’s Italian friends, all food brings comfort and pleasure. Talking about specific comforting food is irrelevant – it is not important or has no connection with the discussion.

Neil
Yes, she thinks the concept of comfort food is quite nuanced, depending on where you are from – so there are small but important differences.

Rob
Well, maybe we should take comfort from – or feel less bad about – the fact that eating any kind of food can bring us joy, warmth, happiness and comfort. So if you don’t mind, I think I’ll munch on another biscuit.

Neil
Are you trying to beat the record of Patrick Bertoletti from the USA? Earlier I mentioned he holds the Guinness World Record for eating the most cream-filled biscuits in one minute, but how many biscuits did he eat? Was it…
a) 2
b) 7, or
c) 15?

Rob
I thought he ate 15. Was I right?

Neil
No, Rob. He scoffed only 7 in one minute. So maybe you can beat him? But before you do, let’s recap on some of the vocabulary we’ve been discussing.

Rob
Of course. We’ve been talking about comfort food – food that makes us feel good – and we described it as a ‘comforter’ – something that makes us feel relaxed and feel good.

Neil
We also mentioned culinary – connected to cooking.

Rob
And associated – which means made a connection in our mind with something.

Neil
Something that is irrelevant is not important or has no connection with the discussion taking place.

Rob
And something that is nuanced has small but important differences.

Neil
Finally, when you take comfort in something, you don’t feel so bad because of something else.

Rob
Well, Neil, we’re out of time but let’s take comfort in knowing that there are lots more 6 Minute English programmes to enjoy on our website at bbclearningenglish.com.

Neil
We also have an app that you can download for free from the app stores. And of course, we are all over social media.

Rob
Thanks for listening and goodbye.

Neil
Goodbye.